Taking 233 left-behind children in rural areas and 201 children in urban areas in Xianning City as the respondents, the life satisfaction questionnaire was used to investigate the life satisfaction condition of rural left-behind children and urban children. The results show: (1) The life satisfaction of rural left-behind children was significantly lower than that of urban children (t(432)=2.38, p<0.05). (2) It was found that there was no significant difference in life satisfaction between left-behind children in urban areas and non-left-behind children in urban areas (t(199) = 0.49, p> 0.05). (3) There are significant differences in the life satisfaction of left-behind children in different grades (F(6, 226)=5.83, p<0.001), as the grade increases, the life satisfaction gradually decreases.